Just like humans, dogs can also develop skin cancer. Skin cancer in dogs is typically caused by prolonged exposure to the sun’s harmful UV rays, although it can also be caused by other factors, such as genetics or exposure to carcinogens.
Several types of skin cancer can affect dogs. The most common types of skin cancer in dogs include mast cell tumours, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell tumours, and histiocytomas.
Mast cell tumours (MCTs)
Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most common type of skin tumour in dogs, accounting for about 20% of all skin tumours. MCTs arise from a type of white blood cell called a mast cell, which is involved in the body’s immune response. These tumours can range in appearance from small, raised lumps to large, ulcerated masses.
Here are some key facts about mast cell tumours in dogs:
- Breeds more likely to get MCTs: Boxers, Bulldogs, Bull Terriers, and Golden Retrievers are among the breeds more likely to get MCTs.
- Symptoms: The symptoms of MCTs can vary depending on the location and stage of the tumour. Common symptoms include a raised, round, or oval mass on the skin that may be itchy, swollen, or red.
- Diagnosis: MCTs are usually diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration or biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small piece of the tumour and examining it under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous.
- Staging: Once diagnosed, the tumour is usually “staged” to determine the extent of the cancer and the best treatment options. Staging may involve a physical exam, blood work, x-rays, and/or ultrasound.
- Treatment: The treatment of MCTs depends on the location, grade, and stage of the tumour. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended.
- Prognosis: The prognosis for dogs with MCTs can vary widely depending on the grade and stage of the tumour. Low-grade tumours have a better prognosis, while high-grade tumours are more aggressive and have a higher chance of spreading to other parts of the body.
Fatty tumors in dogs
Fatty tumors, also known as lipomas, are common in dogs and are usually not a cause for concern. They are benign tumors made up of fat cells and can occur anywhere on the body. Here are some general steps you can take if you suspect your dog may have fatty tumors:
- Schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. They will perform a physical examination and may recommend further testing such as a biopsy to determine if the lump is a fatty tumor.
- Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for monitoring the tumor. Depending on the size and location of the tumor, your veterinarian may recommend monitoring the tumor or removing it surgically.
- Monitor your dog closely. Keep an eye on the size, shape, and texture of the tumor and watch for any changes. If you notice any changes, contact your veterinarian right away.
- Take steps to support your dog’s overall health. This may include feeding a balanced diet, providing regular exercise, and ensuring your dog receives proper veterinary care.
Remember, while fatty tumors are usually benign and not a cause for concern, it is important to have any new lump or bump on your dog evaluated by a veterinarian to ensure it is not cancerous or causing any discomfort to your dog.
Melanoma
Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the skin. Melanoma can happen to any kind of dog, but some breeds, like the Scottish Terrier, Schnauzer, and Golden Retriever, are more likely to get it.
Here are some key facts about melanoma in dogs:
- Types: Three main types of melanoma can occur in dogs: cutaneous (skin) melanoma, oral melanoma, and ocular (eye) melanoma.
- Symptoms: The symptoms of melanoma can vary depending on the location and stage of the tumour. Cutaneous melanomas usually appear as dark, irregularly shaped lumps on the skin, while oral melanomas may appear as dark, irregularly shaped masses in the mouth. Eye melanomas may not show any signs until the tumour gets big enough to make it hard to see.
- Diagnosis: Melanoma is usually diagnosed with a biopsy, which involves removing a small piece of the tumour and examining it under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous. Additional tests may be recommended to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
- Treatment: The treatment of melanoma depends on the location, size, and stage of the tumour. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended.
- Prognosis: The prognosis for dogs with melanoma can vary widely depending on the type, grade, and stage of the tumour. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis and make it more likely that the treatment will work.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer in dogs and is often caused by exposure to the sun or other sources of UV radiation. SCC can also occur in other areas of the body, such as the mouth or nasal cavity.
Here are some key facts about squamous cell carcinoma in dogs:
- Breeds more likely to get SCC: Some breeds, like Scottish Terriers, Basset Hounds, and Standard Schnauzers, are more likely to get SCC.
- Symptoms: The symptoms of SCC can vary depending on the location and stage of the tumour. Common symptoms include a raised, red, or ulcerated mass on the skin that may be itchy, painful, or bleeding. If your dog has oral SCC, it might have trouble eating, have bad breath, or drool.
- Diagnosis: SCC is usually diagnosed with a biopsy, in which a small piece of the tumour is removed and looked at under a microscope to see if it is cancerous.
- Staging: Once diagnosed, the tumour is usually “staged” to determine the extent of the cancer and the best treatment options. Staging may involve a physical exam, blood work, x-rays, and/or ultrasound.
- Treatment: The treatment of SCC depends on the location, grade, and stage of the tumour. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended.
- Prognosis: The prognosis for dogs with SCC can vary widely depending on the grade and stage of the tumour. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis and make it more likely that the treatment will work.
Basal cell tumours (BCTs)
Basal cell tumours (BCTs) are relatively common and usually develop in middle-aged and older dogs. Basal cell tumours are slow-growing and typically not malignant (non-cancerous).
Here are some key facts about basal cell tumours in dogs:
- Appearance: Basal cell tumours typically appear as small, raised, hairless masses on the skin. They may be pink, red, or black, and may be located anywhere on the body.
- Diagnosis: Basal cell tumours are usually diagnosed with a procedure called a biopsy, in which a small piece of the tumour is removed and looked at under a microscope to see if it is cancerous.
- Treatment: The treatment of basal cell tumours usually involves surgical removal of the tumour. The surgery is usually relatively simple, and the prognosis is usually good.
- Prognosis: The prognosis for dogs with basal cell tumours is usually good, as the tumours are usually benign and do not tend to spread to other parts of the body.
- Prevention: There is no known way to prevent basal cell tumours in dogs. However, regular check-ups with your veterinarian can help to ensure that any tumours are detected and treated early.
If you suspect that your dog may have a basal cell tumour, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. They can do a biopsy and figure out how to treat your dog in the best way.
Histiocytomas
Histiocytomas are a type of benign skin tumour that commonly occurs in young dogs. They are typically round, raised, red or pink in colour, and can appear anywhere on the body. Histiocytomas are more common in certain breeds, including Boxers, Bulldogs, and Retrievers.
Here are some key facts about histiocytomas in dogs:
- Appearance: Histiocytomas are typically round, raised, and red or pink. They can vary in size, and may be covered in hair or have a rough or scaly surface.
- Diagnosis: Histiocytomas are usually diagnosed based on their appearance, but a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
- Treatment: Histiocytomas often go away on their own within a few months. If the tumour is causing discomfort or interfering with your dog’s activities, it can be surgically removed.
- Prognosis: The prognosis for dogs with histiocytomas is usually excellent, as these tumours are benign and do not tend to spread to other parts of the body.
- Prevention: There is no known way to prevent histiocytomas in dogs, as their cause is not well understood.
If you suspect that your dog may have a histiocytoma, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. They can perform a biopsy and determine the best course of treatment for your dog. In many cases, there may be no need for treatment, but it’s always best to have a vet look at any unusual growths on your dog’s skin.
Dogs skin Lesions Cancer
If you notice skin lesions on your dog that you suspect may be cancerous, it is important to have them evaluated by a veterinarian as soon as possible. Here are some general steps you can take:
- Schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. They will perform a physical examination and may recommend further testing such as a biopsy to determine if the skin lesions are cancerous.
- Follow your veterinarian’s recommendations for treatment. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the lesions, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.
- Monitor your dog closely. Keep an eye on the skin lesions and watch for any changes in size, shape, or color. If you notice any changes, contact your veterinarian right away.
- Take steps to support your dog’s overall health. This may include feeding a balanced diet, providing regular exercise, and ensuring your dog receives proper veterinary care.
Remember, early detection and treatment can improve your dog’s chances of recovery. So don’t delay in seeking veterinary care if you suspect your dog may have cancerous skin lesions.
Prognosis
If you notice any unusual lumps, bumps, or sores on your dog’s skin, it’s important to have them checked by a veterinarian. Early detection and treatment are key to a successful outcome. Your veterinarian may recommend a biopsy or other diagnostic tests to determine the type of skin cancer and the best treatment options.
The prognosis for a dog with skin cancer depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the dog’s overall health and age. Generally, early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis and increase the chances of successful treatment.
For some types of skin cancer in dogs, such as mast cell tumours or melanomas, the prognosis can vary widely depending on the grade and stage of the tumour. Some of these tumours may be low-grade and easily treatable, while others may be more aggressive and have a higher chance of spreading to other parts of the body. The outlook is better for squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell tumours, which tend to grow slowly and are less likely to spread.
Treatment
The treatment of skin cancer in dogs depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the dog’s overall health and age. Treatment may involve a combination of approaches, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Here are some of the treatment options for skin cancer in dogs:
Surgery: Surgery is often the primary treatment for skin cancer in dogs. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancerous tissue and a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it to ensure that all of the cancer has been removed. In some cases, a skin graft may be necessary to cover the area where the cancer was removed.
Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be recommended in cases where the cancer is in a location where surgery is not feasible or where there is a high risk of recurrence. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It is most commonly used to treat mast cell tumours or melanomas that have spread to other parts of the body.
Cryosurgery: Cryosurgery is a procedure that uses extreme cold to freeze and destroy cancerous tissue. This treatment is often used for small, superficial skin tumours.
Your veterinarian will recommend the best treatment options for your dog based on the specific type and stage of the cancer. It’s important to work closely with your veterinarian to monitor your dog’s progress during and after treatment. Follow-up visits and regular check-ups can help detect any signs of recurrence or spread of the cancer. With proper treatment and management, many dogs with skin cancer can enjoy a good quality of life.
Preventing skin cancer in dogs
Preventing skin cancer in dogs can be challenging, but there are steps that pet owners can take to reduce the risk. Here are some tips for preventing skin cancer in dogs:
Limit sun exposure: Dogs with light-coloured fur, thin hair, or those with a little fur on their stomachs, ears, and noses are at higher risk of sunburn and skin cancer. It’s important to limit your dog’s exposure to direct sunlight, especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.). If your dog must be outside during these hours, provide shade and/or use pet-safe sunscreens.
Regular grooming: Regular grooming can help you notice any changes in your dog’s skin or lumps or bumps that may indicate skin cancer. Grooming also helps keep the coat clean, reducing the risk of skin infections.
Monitor your dog’s skin: It’s important to regularly check your dog’s skin for any changes or new lumps and bumps. Pay attention to any changes in the size, shape, colour, or texture of the skin.
Healthy diet: Feeding your dog a healthy, balanced diet can help support its immune system and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
Annual checkups: Regular visits to your veterinarian can help catch any signs of skin cancer early on. Your vet can do a thorough physical exam and, depending on your dog’s risk factors, may suggest more tests or screenings.
Avoid exposure to carcinogens: Try to limit your dog’s exposure to carcinogens such as cigarette smoke, pesticides, and other toxins.
By following these tips, you can help reduce your dog’s risk of developing skin cancer.
Disclaimer:
The information contained in VOSD Vet Advice™ is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical action which is provided by your vet. You assume full responsibility for how you choose to use this information. For any emergency situation related to a dog’s health, please visit the nearest veterinary clinic.
